Felis ISSN 2398-2950

Eyelid and conjunctiva: neoplasia

Introduction

• Cause: usually spontaneous, exposure to high levels of UV radiation.
• Signs: mass, ocular discharge, 'red eye', ocular discomfort, periocular swelling.
• Diagnosis: clinical examination, cytology, histopathology.
• Treatment: surgical excision, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, plesiotherapy.
• Prognosis: guarded, often malignant.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• In order of decreasing frequency:
  • Squamous cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma (most common by far)      .
  • Apocrine hidrocystoma  .
  • Mast cell tumor Mastocytoma   .
  • Melanoma Melanoma   
  • Basal cell carcinoma  Basal cell tumor.
  • Hemangiosarcoma Hemangiosarcoma   .
  • Adenocarcinoma Adenoma / adenocarcinoma.
  • Fibrosarcoma Fibrosarcoma   .
  • Peripheral nerve sheath tumor Nerve sheath: neoplasia.
  • Lymphoma Lymphoma         .

Predisposing factors

General

• Older cats.
• Unpigmented eyelids.
• Sunny climates.

Specific

• High levels of UVB can induce malignant transformation of squamous epithelial cells.

Pathophysiology

• High levels of UVB can induce malignant transformation of squamous epithelial cells.

Timecourse

• Weeks to months.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Outcomes