Felis ISSN 2398-2950
Deep pyoderma
Contributor(s): Ian Mason, David Scarff, David Godfrey
Introduction
- Bacterial infection affecting the dermis and possibly the subcutis, sometimes causing systemic illness; lesions can be local or generalized.
- Cause: predisposed by immunosuppression, eg FeLV or FIV infection demodicosis Demodectic mange, endocrinopathy, hypersensitvity, trauma, may be idiopathic.
- Now recognized that EGC Eosinophilic granuloma complex disease is often complicated by bacterial infections.
- Signs: papules, pustules, furuncles, granulomas, ulcers, discharging sinuses; bacterial infection of dermal and subcuticular tissues; scarring where lesions have healed.
- Diagnosis: history, clinical signs, cytology, histopathology, bacteriology.
- Treatment: identification of cause, antimicrobial / antibiotic therapy.
- Prognosis: depends on cause.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
Localized furunculosis
- Feline acne - usually idiopathic.
Generalized furunculosis
- Sequel to folliculitis.
- Secondary to bacterial, eg staphylococci, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella multocida.
Anaerobic cellulitis
- Trauma, eg bites, puncture wounds. Cat bite abcess.
- Foreign body.
- Surgery.
- Burns Burns.
- Neoplasia Skin: neoplasia.
- Indwelling catheter.
Subcutaneous abscesses
Eosinophilic granuloma or ulcer
- Hypersensitivity:
- Idiopathic.
Bacterial pseudomycetoma
- Trauma, eg bite wounds.
- Foreign body.
- Usually coagulase-positive staphylococci.
- Multiple organisms may be involved, eg Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, Streptococcus spp, and Actinobacillus spp.
Mycobacterial granuloma
Actinomycosis
Actinobacillosis
- Rare, Actinobacillus lignieresii.
Nocardiosis
Predisposing factors
General
Pathophysiology
- Superficial pyoderma → deeper into follicles (folliculitis) → rupture of follicular wall → pyogranulomatous perifolliculitis or furunculosis in dermis and subcutis → extension along tissue planes → fistulae on surface or cellulitis and panniculitis in subcutaneous and fatty tissues.
- Bacteria commonly involved include: staphylococci Staphylococcus spp, Proteus spp , Pseudomonas spp Pseudomonas spp, E. coli Escherichia coli.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Wildermuth B E et al (2011) Response of feline eosinophilic plaques and lip ulcers to amoxicillin trihydrate-clavulanate potassium therapy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled prospective study. Vet Dermatol 22, 521-527 PubMed.
- Kennis R A, Wolf A M (1999) Chronic bacterial skin infections in cats. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 21 (12), 1108-1115 VetMedResource.
- Carro T, Pedersen N C, Beaman B L et al (1989) Subcutaneous abscess and arthritis caused by a probable bacterial L-form in cats. JAVMA 194 (11), 1583-8 PubMed.
- White S D, Ihrke P J, Stannard A A et al (1983) Cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis in cats. JAVMA 182 (11), 1218-22 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Miller W H, Griffin C E & Campbell K L (2013) Small Animal Dermatology. Philadelphia, W B Saunders. pp 198-214. ISBN 978-1-4160-0028-0 (the standard dermatology text).