Canis ISSN: 2398-2942
Trimethoprim
Introduction
Name
- Trimethoprim/Sulfonamide.
Class of drug
- Potentiated sulfonamide antibiotic.
Uses
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Indications
- Many organisms are susceptible includingNocardia Nocardia spp ,Brucella Brucella canis , gram-negative bacilli, some gram-positive organisms (Streptococcispp Streptococcus spp ,Pneumocystis carinii Pneumocystis carinii ,Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasma gondii and coccidial species Coccidioides immitis ).
- Pseudomonasspp Pseudomonas andLeptospiraspp are usually resistant.
- Trimethoprim/sulfonamide is useful in the management of urinary, respiratory tract and prostatic infections, but are ineffective in the presence of necrotic tissue.
- Trimethoprin alone may be used for urinary, prostatic Acute prostatitis , systemic salmonella and respiratory tract infections.
- Fewer adverse effects are seen with trimethoprin alone.
Administration
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Pharmocokinetics
Precautions
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Interactions
with other drugs
Warfarin- The anticoagulant effect of warfarin Warfarin may be enhanced by trimethoprim/sulfonamide.
Antacids- May decrease the bioavailability of sulfonamides if administered concurrently.
- Although sulfonamides may displace other plasma protein-bound drugs such as methotrexate, oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone , phenytoin Phenytoin , probenecid , thiazide diuretics and salicylates Acetyl salicylic acid , the clinical relevance of such interactions is unclear. However, patients should be monitored for enhanced effects of displaced agents.
- Concomitant use of drugs containing procaine Procainamide may inhibit sulfonamide action.
with diagnostic tests
- When using the Jaffe alkaline picrate reaction assay for creatinine determination trimethoprim/sulfonamide may cause an over estimation of approximately 10%.
Adverse Reactions
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Wilcke J R (1988)Therapeutic application of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim in dogs and cats - a reviewComp Cont Ed2, 3-8.
Other sources of information
- Based onSmall Animal Formulary.Tennant, Bryn (1999) 3rd edn. Cheltenham: BSAVA.