Canis ISSN: 2398-2942
Myopathies
Contributor(s): Kyle Braund, Laurent Garosi
Introduction
- Inflammatory myopathies: masticatory myositis, idiopathic polymyositis, extra-ocular myositis, dermatomyositis, paraneoplastic polymyositis, infectious inflammatory myopathies.
- Non-inflammatory myopathies: myotonic myopathies, degenerative breed-specifc myopathies, metabolic myopathies, muscular dystrophies, endocrine myopathies, nutritional myopathies, necrotizing myopathies.
- Signs: bilateral symmetrical weakness, exercise intolerance, fatigue and stiff, stilted gait.
- Pain and reflexes are usually preserved.
- Muscles may hypertrophy or atrophy.
- Diagnosis: signs, biochemistry, histopathology, immuno-histochemistry.
- Prognosis: guarded.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Various, see individual entities.
Pathophysiology
- Muscle pathology → compromised muscle function → generalized weakness, exercise intolerance and stiff gait.
Timecourse
EitherProgressive over several weeks, eg immobilization myopathy develops during immobilization for fracture treatment, or fibrotic myopathy which develops over 3-8 months.
OrEpisodic, eg hyperkalemic and hypernatremic myopathies, or it can be acute, eg exertional myopathy.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent referencesa from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Platt S R & Garosi L S (2004) Neuromuscular weakness and collapse. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 34 (6), 1281-1305 PubMed.
- Schatzberg S J & Shelton G D (2004) Newly identified neuromuscular disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 34 (6) 1497-1524 PubMed.
- Taylor S M (2000) Selected disorders of muscle and the neuromuscular junction. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30 (1), 59-75 PubMed.
- Platt S R, Chrisman C L & Shelton G D (1999) Lipid storage myopathy in a cocker spaniel. JSAP 40 (1), 31-4 PubMed.
- Braund K G (1997) Degenerative causes of myopathies in dogs and cats. Vet Med 92 (7), 608-617 VetMedResource.
- Braund K G (1997) Endogenous causes of myopathies in dogs and cats. Vet Med 92 (7), 618-628 VetMedResource.
- Braund K G (1997) Idiopathic and exogenous causes of myopathies in dogs and cats. Vet Med 92 (7), 629-634 VetMedResource.
Other sources of information
- Platt S R & Shelton G D (2013)Exercise intolerance and collapse.BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Neurology. Platt S T & Olby N (eds). 4th edn, BSAVA Publication, pp 342-367.