Bovis ISSN 2398-2993
Cardiovascular system: examination
Contributor(s): Gayle Hallowell
, Alex Dugdale
- A thorough examination of the cardiovascular system is essential as part of a major body system assessment in critically ill animals and as part of a full clinical examination.
- It is an important part of a pre-anesthetic evaluation.
- In cattle where cardiac disease is suspected, a methodical examination is important to act as a basis from which to select appropriate further diagnostic tests and to evaluate the severity of disease.
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
Other sources of information
- Reef V B & McGuirk S M (2015) Disease of the cardiovascular system. Chapter 30. Eds: B Smith. Large animal internal medicine. 5th Edition. Elsevier.