Canis ISSN: 2398-2942

Kidney: ischemia

Introduction

• Cause: multiple potential events that can lead to renal ischemia.
• Signs: shock, hyperthermia/hypothermia.
• Diagnosis: depends on underlying cause.
• Treatment: treat underlying cause.
• Prognosis: acute renal failure if renal ischemia not corrected quickly.
• See also renal failure Kidney: acute kidney injury (AKI).

Pathogenesis

Etiology

• Shock Shock (hypovolemic, hemorrhagic, hypotensive, septic Shock: septic ).
• Decreased cardiac output (congestive heart failure Heart: congestive heart failure , cardiac dysrhythmias Heart: dysrhythmia , cardiac arrest, cardiac tamponade Pericardium: constrictive disease.
• General anesthesia/surgery.
• Trauma.
• Hyperthermia Hyperthermia /hypothermia.
• Blood transfusion reaction Blood: transfusion.
• Renal vessel thrombosis Kidney: thromboembolism.
• Polycythemia Polycythemia: secondary.
• NSAIDs Analgesia: overview.

Pathophysiology

• Renal ischemia → decreased intracellular ATP → decreased function of Na-K and Na-Ca ATP-ase pumps → increased intracellular Na and Ca → increased intracellular osmotic pressure → swelling of tubular cells and sludging and aggregation in renal blood vessels → further decrease in renal blood flow.
• Renal ischemia → increase in oxygen free radical formation → further damage cell membranes.
• Severe damage to the renal cells → acute renal failure.

Timecourse

• Acute.

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Outcomes